Compare Malaysia (2004) - Turks and Caicos Islands (2003)

Compare Malaysia (2004) z Turks and Caicos Islands (2003)

	Malaysia (2004)	Turks and Caicos Islands (2003)

Administrative divisions	13 states (negeri-negeri, singular - negeri) Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, and Terengganu; and one federal territory (wilayah persekutuan) with three components, city of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, and Putrajaya	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure	0-14 years: 33.3% (male 4,033,037; female 3,806,451) 15-64 years: 62.1% (male 7,326,068; female 7,289,783) 65 years and over: 4.5% (male 469,499; female 597,644) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 32.5% (male 3,202; female 3,094) 15-64 years: 63.7% (male 6,484; female 5,848) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 321; female 401) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	Peninsular Malaysia - rubber, palm oil, cocoa, rice; Sabah - subsistence crops, rubber, timber, coconuts, rice; Sarawak - rubber, pepper; timber	corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), citrus fruits; fish
Airports	117 (2003 est.)	8 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 38 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 79 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 72 (2004 est.)	total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 329,750 sq km land: 328,550 sq km water: 1,200 sq km	total: 430 sq km land: 430 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than New Mexico	2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	During the late 18th and 19th centuries, Great Britain established colonies and protectorates in the area of current Malaysia; these were occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1948, the British-ruled territories on the Malay Peninsula formed the Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1957. Malaysia was formed in 1963 when the former British colonies of Singapore and the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak on the northern coast of Borneo joined the Federation. The first several years of the country's history were marred by Indonesian efforts to control Malaysia, Philippine claims to Sabah, and Singapore's secession from the Federation in 1965.	The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate crown colony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamas oversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With Bahamian independence, the islands received a separate governor in 1973. Although independence was agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed and the islands are presently a British overseas territory.
Birth rate	23.37 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	23.51 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $22.95 billion expenditures: $27.75 billion, including capital expenditures of $9.4 billion (2003 est.)	revenues: $47 million expenditures: $33.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997-98 est.)
Capital	Kuala Lumpur note: Putrajaya is referred to as administrative center not capital; Parliament meets in Kuala Lumpur	Grand Turk (Cockburn Town)
Climate	tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons	tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry
Coastline	4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km)	389 km
Constitution	31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963	introduced 30 August 1976; suspended in 1986; restored and revised 5 March 1988
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Malaysia former: Federation of Malaysia	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turks and Caicos Islands
Currency	ringgit (MYR)	US dollar (USD)
Death rate	5.08 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	4.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$48.84 billion (2003 est.)	$NA
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher J. LAFLEUR embassy: 376 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur mailing address: P. O. Box No. 10035, 50700 Kuala Lumpur; American Embassy Kuala Lumpur, APO AP 96535-8152 telephone: [60] (3) 2168-5000 FAX: [60] (3) 2142-2207	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador GHAZZALI bin Sheikh Abdul Khalid chancery: 3516 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 572-9700 FAX: [1] (202) 572-9882 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	involved in complex dispute with China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam and possibly Brunei over the Spratly Islands; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants; disputes over deliveries of fresh water to Singapore, Singapore's land reclamation, bridge construction, maritime boundaries, and Pedra Branca Island/Pulau Batu Putih persist - parties agree to ICJ arbitration on island dispute within three years; ICJ awarded Ligitan and Sipadan islands off the coast of Sabah, also claimed by Indonesia and Philippines, to Malaysia; a 1 kilometer segment at the mouth of the Golok River remains in dispute with Thailand; Philippines retains a now dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo based on the Sultanate of Sulu's granting the Philippines Government power of attorney to pursue the Sultanate's sovereignty claim; in 2003 Brunei and Malaysia ceased gas and oil exploration in their offshore and deepwater seabeds until negotiations progress to an agreement over allocation of disputed areas; Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is in dispute	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$4.1 million (1997)
Economy - overview	Malaysia, a middle-income country, transformed itself from 1971 through the late 1990s from a producer of raw materials into an emerging multi-sector economy. Growth was almost exclusively driven by exports - particularly of electronics. As a result Malaysia was hard hit by the global economic downturn and the slump in the information technology (IT) sector in 2001 and 2002. GDP in 2001 grew only 0.5% due to an estimated 11% contraction in exports, but a substantial fiscal stimulus package equal to US $1.9 billion mitigated the worst of the recession and the economy rebounded in 2002 with a 4.1% increase. The economy grew 4.9% in 2003, notwithstanding a difficult first half, when external pressures from SARS and the Iraq War led to caution in the business community. Healthy foreign exchange reserves and a relatively small external debt make it unlikely that Malaysia will experience a crisis similar to the one in 1997, but the economy remains vulnerable to a more protracted slowdown in Japan and the US, top export destinations and key sources of foreign investment. The Malaysian ringgit is pegged to the dollar, and the Japanese central bank continues to intervene and prop up the yen against the dollar.	The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, fishing, and offshore financial services. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US is the leading source of tourists, accounting for more than half of the 93,000 visitors in 1998. Major sources of government revenue include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts. Tourism fell by 6% in 2002 but appeared to be picking up at yearend.
Electricity - consumption	68.4 billion kWh (2002)	4.65 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	75.33 billion kWh (2002)	5 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Gunung Kinabalu 4,100 m	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Blue Hills 49 m
Environment - current issues	air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation; smoke/haze from Indonesian forest fires	limited natural fresh water resources, private cisterns collect rainwater
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands	-
Ethnic groups	Malay and other indigenous 58%, Chinese 24%, Indian 8%, others 10% (2000)	black 90%, mixed, European, or north American 10%
Exchange rates	ringgits per US dollar - 3.8 (2003), 3.8 (2002), 3.8 (2001), 3.8 (2000), 3.8 (1999)	the US dollar is used
Executive branch	chief of state: Paramount Ruler Tuanku SYED SIRAJUDDIN ibni Almarhum Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail, the Raja of Perlis (since 12 December 2001) head of government: Prime Minister ABDULLAH bin Ahmad Badawi (since 31 October 2003); Deputy Prime Minister NAJIB Tun Razak (since 7 January 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament with consent of the paramount ruler elections: paramount ruler elected by and from the hereditary rulers of nine of the states for five-year terms; election last held 12 December 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister designated from among the members of the House of Representatives; following legislative elections, the leader of the party that wins a plurality of seats in the House of Representatives becomes prime minister election results: Tuanku SYED SIRAJUDDIN ibni Almarhum Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail elected paramount ruler	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1953), represented by Governor Jim POSTON (since 16 December 2002) head of government: Chief Minister Derek H. TAYLOR (since 31 January 1995) cabinet: Executive Council consists of three ex officio members and five appointed by the governor from among the members of the Legislative Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports	230,200 bbl/day (2003)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	electronic equipment, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals	lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells
Exports - partners	US 19.6%, Singapore 15.7%, Japan 10.7%, China 6.5%, Hong Kong 6.5%, Thailand 4.4% (2003)	US, UK
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	14 equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow 14-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus
GDP	purchasing power parity - $207.8 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $231 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 7.3% industry: 33.5% services: 59.1% (2003 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $9,000 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $9,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	5.2% (2003 est.)	4.9% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates	2 30 N, 112 30 E	21 45 N, 71 35 W
Geography - note	strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern South China Sea	about 40 islands (eight inhabited)
Heliports	1 (2003 est.)	-
Highways	total: 65,877 km paved: 49,935 km (including 1,192 km of expressways) unpaved: 15,942 km (1999)	total: 121 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 97 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1.4% highest 10%: 39.2% (2003 est.)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	transit point for some illicit drugs; drug trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties	transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Imports	NA (2003)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel products, chemicals	food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials
Imports - partners	Japan 17.3%, US 15.5%, Singapore 11.9%, China 8.8%, South Korea 5.5%, Taiwan 5%, Germany 4.7%, Thailand 4.6% (2003)	US, UK
Independence	31 August 1957 (from UK)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	9.3% (2003 est.)	NA%
Industries	Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber; Sabah - logging, petroleum production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging	tourism, offshore financial services
Infant mortality rate	total: 18.35 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.23 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 16.87 deaths/1,000 live births male: 19.48 deaths/1,000 live births female: 14.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.1% (2003 est.)	4% (1995)
International organization participation	ABEDA, APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	14 (2000)
Irrigated land	3,650 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on the advice of the prime minister)	Supreme Court
Labor force	10.26 million (2003 est.)	4,848 (1990 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 14.5%, industry 36%, services 49.5% (2000 est.)	about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other services
Land boundaries	total: 2,669 km border countries: Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 5.48% permanent crops: 17.61% other: 76.91% (2001)	arable land: 2.33% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.67% (1998 est.)
Languages	Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note - in addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest are Iban and Kadazan	English (official)
Legal system	based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on laws of England and Wales, with a few adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament or Parlimen consists of the Senate or Dewan Negara (70 seats; 44 appointed by the paramount ruler, 26 appointed by the state legislatures) and the House of Representatives or Dewan Rakyat (219 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 21 March 2004 (next must be held by 2009) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - BN 91%, DAP 5%, PAS 3%, other 1%; seats by party - BN 199, DAP 12, PAS 6, Keadilan 1, independent 1	unicameral Legislative Council (19 seats, of which 13 are popularly elected; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 24 April 2003 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - PDM 53.8%, PNP 46.2%; seats by party - PDM 7, PNP 6; note - in by-elections held 7 August 2003, the PNP gained two seats for a majority of 8 seats; PDM now has 5
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 71.95 years male: 69.29 years female: 74.81 years (2004 est.)	total population: 74 years male: 71.82 years female: 76.3 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.7% male: 92% female: 85.4% (2002)	definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 98% male: 99% female: 98% (1970 est.)
Location	Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam	Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas, north of Haiti
Map references	Southeast Asia	Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 360 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,389,397 GRT/7,539,178 DWT by type: bulk 59, cargo 100, chemical tanker 38, container 66, liquefied gas 25, livestock carrier 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 56, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 8 foreign-owned: China 1, Germany 2, Hong Kong 8, Indonesia 2, Japan 2, South Korea 1, Liberia 1, Monaco 1, Norway 1, Philippines 2, Singapore 81, Vietnam 1 registered in other countries: 75 (2004 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy, Royal Malaysian Air Force, Royal Malaysian Marine Police, Sarawak Border Scouts	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$1.69 billion (FY00 est.)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2.03% (FY00)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 6,193,587 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 3,746,960 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 223,466 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day/Malaysia Day, 31 August (1957)	Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)
Nationality	noun: Malaysian(s) adjective: Malaysian	noun: none adjective: none
Natural hazards	flooding, landslides, forest fires	frequent hurricanes
Natural resources	tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite	spiny lobster, conch
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: does not reflect net flow of an unknown number of illegal immigrants from other countries in the region (2004 est.)	12.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
People - note	-	destination and transit point for illegal Haitian immigrants bound for the Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas, and US
Pipelines	condensate 279 km; gas 5,047 km; oil 1,841 km; refined products 114 km (2004)	-
Political parties and leaders	ruling-coalition National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN, consisting of the following parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party or PGRM [LIM Keng Yaik]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [CHONG Kah Kiat]; Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [ONG Ka Ting]; Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongresi India Malaysia) or MIC [S. Samy VELLU]; Parti Bersatu Pakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP]; Parti Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti Pesaka Bumiputra Bersatu or PBB [Patinggi Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti Rakyat Sarawak or PRS [James MASING]; Sabah Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Sabah) or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]; Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam]; United Malays National Organization or UMNO [ABDULLAH Ahmad Badawi]; United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Bernard DOMPOK]; People's Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or PPP [M.Keyveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP [William MAWANI]; opposition parties: Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic Party of Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang]; People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAH Wan Ismael]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DANDUNG]; opposition coalition Alternative Front (Barisan Alternatif) or BA consists of PAS and PKR	People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Derek H. TAYLOR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Washington MISICK]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Wendal SWANN]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	23,522,482 (July 2004 est.)	19,350 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	8% (1998 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	1.83% (2004 est.)	3.14% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuantan, Kuching, Kudat, Labuan, Lahad Datu, Lumut, Miri, Pasir Gudang, George Town (Penang), Port Dickson, Port Kelang, Sandakan, Sibu, Tanjung Berhala, Tanjung Kidurong, Tawau	Grand Turk, Providenciales
Radio broadcast stations	AM 35, FM 391, shortwave 15 (2001)	AM 3 (one inactive), FM 6, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	total: 2,418 km (207 km electrified) standard gauge: 57 km 1.435-m gauge (57 km electrified) narrow gauge: 2,361 km 1.000-m gauge (150 km electrified) (2003)	0 km
Religions	Muslim, Buddhist, Daoist, Hindu, Christian, Sikh; note - in addition, Shamanism is practiced in East Malaysia	Baptist 40%, Methodist 16%, Anglican 18%, Church of God 12%, other 14% (1990)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	21 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: modern system; international service excellent domestic: good intercity service provided on Peninsular Malaysia mainly by microwave radio relay; adequate intercity microwave radio relay network between Sabah and Sarawak via Brunei; domestic satellite system with 2 earth stations international: country code - 60; submarine cables to India, Hong Kong, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2001)	general assessment: fair cable and radiotelephone services domestic: NA international: 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	4,571,600 (2003)	3,000 (1994)
Telephones - mobile cellular	11,124,100 (2003)	0 (1994)
Television broadcast stations	1 (plus 15 high-power repeaters) (2001)	0 (broadcasts from The Bahamas are received; cable television is established) (1997)
Terrain	coastal plains rising to hills and mountains	low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps
Total fertility rate	3.1 children born/woman (2004 est.)	3.15 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	3.6% (2003 est.)	10% (1997 est.)
Waterways	7,200 km note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,200 km, Sabah 1,500 km, Sarawak 2,500 km (2004)	none

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